{"id":2827,"date":"2026-01-19T19:28:05","date_gmt":"2026-01-19T11:28:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.3546.com.tw\/win\/?p=2827"},"modified":"2026-01-19T19:28:05","modified_gmt":"2026-01-19T11:28:05","slug":"%e9%b3%a9%e9%b4%bf%e7%a7%91%e9%b3%a5%e9%a1%9e%e8%88%87%e7%a6%bd%e6%b5%81%e6%84%9f%e7%97%85%e6%af%92%e4%ba%a4%e4%ba%92%e4%bd%9c%e7%94%a8%e4%b9%8b%e7%b6%9c%e5%90%88%e8%a9%95%e4%bc%b0%e5%a0%b1%e5%91%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.3546.com.tw\/win\/uncategorized\/%e9%b3%a9%e9%b4%bf%e7%a7%91%e9%b3%a5%e9%a1%9e%e8%88%87%e7%a6%bd%e6%b5%81%e6%84%9f%e7%97%85%e6%af%92%e4%ba%a4%e4%ba%92%e4%bd%9c%e7%94%a8%e4%b9%8b%e7%b6%9c%e5%90%88%e8%a9%95%e4%bc%b0%e5%a0%b1%e5%91%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u9ce9\u9d3f\u79d1\u9ce5\u985e\u8207\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e4b\u7d9c\u5408\u8a55\u4f30\u5831\u544a\uff1a\u6613\u611f\u6027\u3001\u50b3\u64ad\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u8207\u4eba\u755c\u5171\u901a\u98a8\u96aa\u5206\u6790"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5831\u544a\u65e8\u5728\u91dd\u5c0d\u516c\u773e\u8207\u516c\u5171\u885b\u751f\u9818\u57df\u9577\u671f\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u2014\u2014\u300c\u9d3f\u5b50\u662f\u5426\u611f\u67d3\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u53ca\u5176\u50b3\u64ad\u98a8\u96aa\u300d\u2014\u2014\u9032\u884c\u8a73\u76e1\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u6aa2\u8996\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u5c0d\u5168\u7403\u75c5\u6bd2\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u653b\u6bd2\u6578\u64da\u3001\u514d\u75ab\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u5206\u6790\u53ca\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b78\u76e3\u6e2c\u5831\u544a\u7684\u7d9c\u5408\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u672c\u5831\u544a\u78ba\u8a8d\u9d3f\u5b50\uff08<em>Columba livia<\/em>\uff09\u5728\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b78\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u8457\u8207\u5bb6\u79bd\uff08\u5982\u96de\u3001\u706b\u96de\uff09\u53ca\u6c34\u79bd\uff08\u5982\u9d28\u3001\u9d5d\uff09\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6838\u5fc3\u767c\u73fe\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9d3f\u5b50\u5c0d\u76ee\u524d\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u9ad8\u75c5\u539f\u6027\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\uff08HPAI\uff09\u75c5\u6bd2\u682a\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b \u53ca H7N9 \u4e9e\u578b\uff0c\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u986f\u8457\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u6297\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u6297\u6027\u6a5f\u5236\u6e90\u65bc\u5169\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u5c4f\u969c\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9d3f\u5b50\u547c\u5438\u9053\u4e0a\u76ae\u7d30\u80de\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73fe\u985e\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u7684 SA$\\alpha$2,6-Gal \u553e\u6db2\u9178\u53d7\u9ad4\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u504f\u597d SA$\\alpha$2,3-Gal \u53d7\u9ad4\u7684\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u4e4b\u9644\u8457\u8207\u5165\u4fb5\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u9d3f\u5b50\u4fdd\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 RIG-I \u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u80fd\u8fc5\u901f\u555f\u52d5\u5148\u5929\u514d\u75ab\u53cd\u61c9\u4ee5\u6291\u5236\u75c5\u6bd2\u8907\u88fd\uff0c\u9019\u8207\u7f3a\u5931\u8a72\u57fa\u56e0\u800c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6613\u611f\u7684\u9678\u751f\u5bb6\u79bd\uff08Galliformes\uff09\u5f62\u6210\u5f37\u70c8\u5c0d\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u96d6\u7136\u9d3f\u5b50\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u751f\u7269\u589e\u5e45\u5bbf\u4e3b\uff08Biological Amplifying Host\uff09\u300d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6975\u5f31\uff0c\u4e14\u76ee\u524d\u7121\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a\u5176\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5c07\u75c5\u6bd2\u50b3\u64ad\u7d66\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u6a5f\u68b0\u6027\u8f09\u9ad4\uff08Mechanical Vector\uff09\u300d\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5ffd\u8996\u3002\u75c5\u6bd2\u53ef\u5728\u9d3f\u5b50\u7684\u7fbd\u6bdb\u53ca\u8173\u722a\u4e0a\u5b58\u6d3b\u6578\u5929\u81f3\u6578\u9031\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5177\u5099\u5c07\u75c5\u6bd2\u7269\u7406\u6027\u651c\u5e36\u81f3\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u7406\u5340\u57df\u7684\u6f5b\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u9632\u75ab\u7b56\u7565\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ecd\u9700\u5c07\u91ce\u9d3f\u8207\u8cfd\u9d3f\u7d0d\u5165\u751f\u7269\u5b89\u5168\u76e3\u6e2c\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u75ab\u60c5\u7206\u767c\u671f\u9593\u5c0d\u5176\u79fb\u52d5\u9032\u884c\u7ba1\u63a7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u7dd2\u8ad6\uff1a\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u4e0b\u7684\u5bbf\u4e3b\u751f\u614b\u5b78<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u81ea 1996 \u5e74\u9ad8\u75c5\u539f\u6027 H5N1 \u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u5ee3\u6771\u7684\u9d5d\u96bb\u4e2d\u9996\u6b21\u5206\u96e2\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0cA \u578b\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\uff08Influenza A Virus, IAV\uff09\u5df2\u6f14\u8b8a\u6210\u5a01\u8105\u5168\u7403\u5bb6\u79bd\u7522\u696d\u3001\u91ce\u751f\u9ce5\u985e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u53ca\u4eba\u985e\u516c\u5171\u885b\u751f\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u6311\u6230\u3002\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u4e0d\u65b7\u8b8a\u7570\u8207\u91cd\u7d44\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f Clade 2.3.4.4b \u5206\u652f\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u53f2\u7121\u524d\u4f8b\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6027\u50b3\u64ad\uff0c\u5f71\u97ff\u7bc4\u570d\u5f9e\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6c34\u79bd\u8207\u5bb6\u79bd\u64f4\u53ca\u81f3\u591a\u7a2e\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u5c45\u4f4f\u74b0\u5883\u9ad8\u5ea6\u91cd\u758a\u7684\u5171\u751f\u9ce5\u985e\uff08Synanthropic birds\uff09\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u91ce\u9d3f\uff08Feral Pigeons\uff09\u8207\u8cfd\u9d3f\uff08Racing Pigeons\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u75c5\u6bd2\u50b3\u64ad\u93c8\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5099\u53d7\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.1 \u9d3f\u5b50\u7684\u751f\u614b\u4f4d\u8207\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b78\u7591\u616e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9d3f\u5b50\uff08<em>Columba livia<\/em>\uff09\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5206\u5e03\u6700\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u9ce5\u985e\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5176\u751f\u614b\u7fd2\u6027\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u70ba\u9023\u63a5\u91ce\u751f\u79bd\u9ce5\uff08\u81ea\u7136\u5bbf\u4e3b\uff09\u8207\u5bb6\u79bd\/\u4eba\u985e\uff08\u6ea2\u51fa\u5bbf\u4e3b\uff09\u7684\u6f5b\u5728\u6a4b\u6a11\u3002\u91ce\u9d3f\u5e38\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u5ee3\u5834\u3001\u516c\u5712\u53ca\u8fb2\u5834\u5468\u908a\u8993\u98df\uff0c\u6975\u6613\u63a5\u89f8\u5230\u53ef\u80fd\u651c\u5e36\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u91ce\u9ce5\u7cde\u4fbf\u6216\u88ab\u6c59\u67d3\u7684\u6c34\u6e90\uff1b\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u8cfd\u9d3f\u6d3b\u52d5\u6d89\u53ca\u9577\u8ddd\u96e2\u7684\u8de8\u5340\u57df\u79fb\u52d5\uff0c\u9019\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u5176\u662f\u5426\u6703\u50cf\u5019\u9ce5\u4e00\u6a23\u651c\u5e36\u4e26\u6563\u64ad\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u64d4\u6182\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u574a\u9593\u6d41\u50b3\u300c\u9d3f\u5b50\u5c0d\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u514d\u75ab\u300d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u8207\u300c\u9d3f\u5b50\u662f\u75c5\u6bd2\u5e36\u539f\u8005\u300d\u7684\u6050\u61fc\u4e26\u5b58\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u5927\u773e\u5c0d\u6b64\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u5b58\u5728\u986f\u8457\u843d\u5dee\u3002\u672c\u5831\u544a\u5c07\u900f\u904e\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u91d0\u6e05\u9d3f\u5b50\u5728\u75c5\u6bd2\u751f\u614b\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.2 \u75c5\u6bd2\u682a\u6f14\u8b8a\u8207\u7814\u7a76\u7126\u9ede<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u6db5\u84cb\u4e86\u5c0d\u591a\u7a2e\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u4e9e\u578b\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u91cd\u9ede\u805a\u7126\u65bc\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>H5N1 \u9ad8\u75c5\u539f\u6027\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\uff08HPAI\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u7279\u5225\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u9020\u6210\u5168\u7403\u91ce\u9ce5\u5927\u91cf\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684 Clade 2.3.4.4b \u53ca\u5176\u524d\u8eab Clade 2.2\u30012.3.2 \u7b49\u5206\u652f <sup>1<\/sup>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H7N9 \u4f4e\u75c5\u539f\u6027\u8207\u9ad8\u75c5\u539f\u6027\u79bd\u6d41\u611f<\/strong>\uff1a\u81ea 2013 \u5e74\u4ee5\u4f86\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u9020\u6210\u9ad8\u81f4\u6b7b\u7387\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u682a\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u5bb6\u79bd\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u7121\u75c7\u72c0\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u76e3\u6e2c\u96e3\u5ea6 <sup>4<\/sup>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>H9N2 \u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u4e9e\u578b<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f5c\u70ba\u5bb6\u79bd\u4e2d\u9577\u671f\u6d41\u884c\u4e14\u63d0\u4f9b\u5167\u90e8\u57fa\u56e0\u7247\u6bb5\u7d66 H5\/H7 \u91cd\u7d44\u7684\u4f4e\u75c5\u539f\u6027\u75c5\u6bd2 \u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.3 \u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u6a19\u8207\u7bc4\u7587<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u5831\u544a\u65e8\u5728\u9054\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5177\u9ad4\u76ee\u6a19\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u8a55\u4f30\u6613\u611f\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u7d9c\u5408\u5206\u6790\u9d3f\u5b50\u5c0d\u4e0d\u540c\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u4e9e\u578b\u7684\u611f\u67d3\u7387\u3001\u767c\u75c5\u7387\u53ca\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u89e3\u6790\u6297\u6027\u6a5f\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f9e\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u89d2\u5ea6\u63a2\u8a0e\u53d7\u9ad4\u5206\u5e03\u8207\u514d\u75ab\u57fa\u56e0\u5c0d\u9d3f\u5b50\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5224\u5b9a\u50b3\u64ad\u98a8\u96aa<\/strong>\uff1a\u5340\u5206\u751f\u7269\u6027\u50b3\u64ad\u8207\u6a5f\u68b0\u6027\u50b3\u64ad\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u8a55\u4f30\u5176\u5c0d\u5bb6\u79bd\u7522\u696d\u53ca\u4eba\u985e\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u5a01\u8105\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u653f\u7b56\u5efa\u8b70<\/strong>\uff1a\u57fa\u65bc\u79d1\u5b78\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u70ba\u98fc\u990a\u8005\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u773e\u53ca\u9632\u75ab\u55ae\u4f4d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b89\u5168\u5efa\u8b70\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u75c5\u6bd2\u6613\u611f\u6027\u8207\u611f\u67d3\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u4e4b\u6df1\u5ea6\u5206\u6790<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6613\u611f\u6027\uff08Susceptibility\uff09\u662f\u6307\u5bbf\u4e3b\u88ab\u75c5\u6bd2\u611f\u67d3\u4e26\u652f\u6301\u75c5\u6bd2\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5bbf\u4e3b\u7684\u5149\u8b5c\u6975\u5ee3\uff0c\u5f9e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6613\u611f\u7684\u96de\u3001\u706b\u96de\uff0c\u5230\u5177\u5099\u4e00\u5b9a\u8010\u53d7\u6027\u7684\u6c34\u79bd\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u5f37\u6297\u6027\u7684\u9d3f\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u53cd\u61c9\u5404\u7570\u3002\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u900f\u904e\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u6027\u653b\u6bd2\u7814\u7a76\uff08Experimental Challenge Studies\uff09\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u9d3f\u5b50\u5c0d\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u7368\u7279\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1 \u9ad8\u75c5\u539f\u6027 H5N1 \u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u611f\u67d3\u8a66\u9a57<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u91dd\u5c0d H5N1 \u4e9e\u578b\uff0c\u591a\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u81f4\u986f\u793a\u9d3f\u5b50\u4e26\u975e\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5bbf\u4e3b\u3002\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u805a\u7126\u65bc Clade 2.3.4.4b \u75c5\u6bd2\u682a\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5168\u7403\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u682a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1.1 \u611f\u67d3\u5291\u91cf\u8207\u75c5\u6bd2\u8907\u88fd\u6548\u7387<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u9d3f\u5b50\u6210\u529f\u611f\u67d3 H5N1 \u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u6975\u9ad8\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u5291\u91cf\u3002\u4ee5 2025 \u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u6b0a\u5a01\u7814\u7a76\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u5291\u91cf\u7684 H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b \u75c5\u6bd2\uff08$10^2$ \u81f3 $10^6$ EID50\uff09\u63a5\u7a2e\u9d3f\u5b50\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u986f\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u9ad8\u611f\u67d3\u9580\u6abb<\/strong>\uff1a\u50c5\u6709\u63a5\u7a2e\u6700\u9ad8\u5291\u91cf\uff08$10^6$ EID50\uff09\u7684\u9d3f\u5b50\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u75c5\u6bd2\u6392\u51fa\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4e14\u5176 50% \u6700\u5c0f\u611f\u67d3\u5291\u91cf\uff08MID50\uff09\u9ad8\u9054 $10^5$ EID50 <sup>2<\/sup>\u3002\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u9d3f\u5b50\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89f8\u5230\u6975\u9ad8\u6fc3\u5ea6\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u6e90\uff08\u5982\u91cd\u75c5\u96de\u96bb\u7684\u547c\u5438\u9053\u5206\u6ccc\u7269\uff09\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u4e0d\u6613\u5efa\u7acb\u611f\u67d3\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u6392\u6bd2<\/strong>\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u6210\u529f\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u9d3f\u5b50\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u6392\u51fa\u91cf\uff08Viral Shedding\uff09\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e14\u6301\u7e8c\u6642\u9593\u77ed\u66ab\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6578\u53d7\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u9d3f\u5b50\u50c5\u5728\u63a5\u7a2e\u5f8c\u7684\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u5167\uff08\u5982 2-7 \u5929\uff09\u5f9e\u53e3\u54bd\u90e8\u6392\u51fa\u5c11\u91cf\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u800c\u900f\u904e\u6cc4\u6b96\u8154\u6392\u51fa\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u91cf\u66f4\u4f4e\u6216\u6aa2\u6e2c\u4e0d\u5230 <sup>1<\/sup>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7d44\u7e54\u4fb5\u8972\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u75c5\u6bd2 RNA \u5728\u9d3f\u5b50\u7d44\u7e54\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u6975\u70ba\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4e14\u672a\u9020\u6210\u986f\u8457\u7684\u75c5\u7406\u640d\u50b7\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u96de\u96bb\u611f\u67d3\u5f8c\u75c5\u6bd2\u6703\u8fc5\u901f\u64f4\u6563\u81f3\u5168\u8eab\u591a\u91cd\u5668\u5b98\uff08Systemic Infection\uff09\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5feb\u901f\u6b7b\u4ea1 \u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1.2 \u81e8\u5e8a\u75c7\u72c0\u8207\u81f4\u6b7b\u7387<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u95dc\u65bc H5N1 \u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d7\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u9d3f\u5b50\u4e26\u672a\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u660e\u986f\u7684\u81e8\u5e8a\u75c7\u72c0\uff08\u5982\u7cbe\u795e\u6c89\u9b31\u3001\u547c\u5438\u56f0\u96e3\u6216\u795e\u7d93\u75c7\u72c0\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u6975\u4f4e\u6216\u70ba\u96f6 <sup>2<\/sup>\u3002\u4f8b\u5916\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e3b\u8981\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u75c5\u6bd2\u682a\uff08\u5982 H5N1 \u9999\u6e2f\u682a\u6216\u57c3\u53ca\u682a\uff09\u6216\u6975\u7aef\u9ad8\u5291\u91cf\u7684\u9871\u5167\/\u975c\u8108\u6ce8\u5c04\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u9d3f\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73fe\u795e\u7d93\u75c7\u72c0\uff08\u626d\u9838\uff09\u6216\u7da0\u8272\u8179\u7009 <sup>12<\/sup>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u81ea\u7136\u611f\u67d3\u4e0b\u7684\u5178\u578b\u75c5\u7a0b\u3002\u7e3d\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9d3f\u5b50\u5c0d H5N1 \u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u4f4e\u6613\u611f\u6027\u3001\u7121\u75c7\u72c0\u611f\u67d3\u300d\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 H7N9 \u4e9e\u578b\u7684\u611f\u67d3\u7279\u5fb5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>H7N9 \u75c5\u6bd2\u56e0\u5177\u5099\u611f\u67d3\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u9ad8\u5ea6\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002\u91dd\u5c0d\u9d3f\u5b50\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\u5176\u5c0d H7N9 \u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u8207 H5N1 \u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u8907\u88fd\u53d7\u9650<\/strong>\uff1aKalthoff \u7b49\u4eba (2014) \u53ca\u5f8c\u7e8c\u7814\u7a76 <sup>4<\/sup> \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9d3f\u5b50\u5728\u63a5\u7a2e H7N9 \u75c5\u6bd2\u5f8c\uff0c\u75c5\u6bd2\u4e3b\u8981\u4fb7\u9650\u65bc\u547c\u5438\u9053\u4e0a\u76ae\u7d30\u80de\u9032\u884c\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u8907\u88fd\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u611f\u67d3\u65e9\u671f\u53ef\u5f9e\u53e3\u54bd\u62ed\u5b50\u4e2d\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u4f46\u75c5\u6bd2\u6ef4\u5ea6\u9060\u4f4e\u65bc\u96de\u96bb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7121\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u50b3\u64ad<\/strong>\uff1a\u5be6\u9a57\u5c07\u53d7\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u9d3f\u5b50\u8207\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u96de\u6216\u9d3f\u5b50\u540c\u7c60\u98fc\u990a\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u986f\u793a\u9d3f\u5b50\u7121\u6cd5\u5c07\u75c5\u6bd2\u50b3\u64ad\u7d66\u63a5\u89f8\u8005\uff08Na\u00efve contacts\uff09\u3002\u9019\u8868\u660e\u9d3f\u5b50\u6392\u51fa\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u7a81\u7834\u540c\u7a2e\u6216\u7570\u7a2e\u5bbf\u4e3b\u7684\u611f\u67d3\u5c4f\u969c \u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6297\u9ad4\u53cd\u61c9\u5fae\u5f31<\/strong>\uff1a\u8a31\u591a\u53d7\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u9d3f\u5b50\u751a\u81f3\u672a\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u53ef\u6aa2\u6e2c\u5230\u7684\u8840\u6e05\u8f49\u967d\uff08Seroconversion\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u6697\u793a\u75c5\u6bd2\u5728\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u8907\u88fd\u53d7\u5230\u5f37\u70c8\u6291\u5236\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u5f15\u767c\u8db3\u5920\u5f37\u5ea6\u7684\u9ad4\u6db2\u514d\u75ab\u53cd\u61c9 \u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3 \u5176\u4ed6\u4e9e\u578b\uff08H9N2, LPAI\uff09\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f4e\u75c5\u539f\u6027\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\uff08LPAI\uff09\u5982 H9N2 \u5728\u5bb6\u79bd\u4e2d\u5ee3\u6cdb\u6d41\u884c\u3002\u96d6\u7136 H9N2 \u662f\u5728\u9d3f\u5b50\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u5206\u96e2\u5230\u7684\u4e9e\u578b\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u9d3f\u5b50\u5c0d\u5176\u4ecd\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u8f03\u5f37\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u9069\u61c9\u6027\u7a81\u8b8a<\/strong>\uff1a\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5f9e\u6d3b\u79bd\u5e02\u5834\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u7684\u9d3f\u6e90 H11N2 \u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u5c0d\u96de\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u9069\u61c9\u6027\u53cd\u800c\u512a\u65bc\u9d28\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u9019\u63d0\u793a\u75c5\u6bd2\u5728\u9d3f\u5b50\u9ad4\u5167\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u5fae\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u985e\u6848\u4f8b\u76f8\u5c0d\u7f55\u898b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7121\u75c7\u72c0\u5e36\u6bd2<\/strong>\uff1a\u9d3f\u5b50\u611f\u67d3 LPAI \u5f8c\u901a\u5e38\u5b8c\u5168\u7121\u75c7\u72c0\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u96b1\u6027\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u651c\u5e36\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u6392\u6bd2\u91cf\u4f4e\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u969b\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b78\u610f\u7fa9\u4ecd\u53d7\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"274\" src=\"https:\/\/www.3546.com.tw\/win\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u87a2\u5e55\u64f7\u53d6\u756b\u9762-2026-01-19-171453-1024x274.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2828\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.3546.com.tw\/win\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u87a2\u5e55\u64f7\u53d6\u756b\u9762-2026-01-19-171453-1024x274.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.3546.com.tw\/win\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u87a2\u5e55\u64f7\u53d6\u756b\u9762-2026-01-19-171453-300x80.png 300w, https:\/\/www.3546.com.tw\/win\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u87a2\u5e55\u64f7\u53d6\u756b\u9762-2026-01-19-171453-768x205.png 768w, https:\/\/www.3546.com.tw\/win\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u87a2\u5e55\u64f7\u53d6\u756b\u9762-2026-01-19-171453-600x160.png 600w, https:\/\/www.3546.com.tw\/win\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u87a2\u5e55\u64f7\u53d6\u756b\u9762-2026-01-19-171453.png 1032w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u6297\u6027\u6a5f\u5236\u89e3\u5bc6\uff1a\u53d7\u9ad4\u5206\u5e03\u8207\u5148\u5929\u514d\u75ab<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9d3f\u5b50\u5c0d\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u6297\u6027\u4e26\u975e\u5076\u7136\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6e90\u65bc\u5176\u7368\u7279\u7684\u89e3\u5256\u5b78\u69cb\u9020\u8207\u514d\u75ab\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5167\u5728\u6a5f\u5236\u69cb\u7bc9\u4e86\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u300c\u7269\u7a2e\u5c4f\u969c\uff08Species Barrier\uff09\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 \u75c5\u6bd2\u5165\u4fb5\u7684\u9470\u5319\u8207\u9396\uff1a\u553e\u6db2\u9178\u53d7\u9ad4\u5206\u5e03<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u662f\u75c5\u6bd2\u8868\u9762\u7684\u8840\u7403\u51dd\u96c6\u7d20\uff08Hemagglutinin, HA\uff09\u86cb\u767d\u8207\u5bbf\u4e3b\u7d30\u80de\u8868\u9762\u7684\u553e\u6db2\u9178\uff08Sialic Acid, SA\uff09\u53d7\u9ad4\u7d50\u5408\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7d50\u5408\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u7acb\u9ad4\u5316\u5b78\u7279\u7570\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u53d7\u9ad4\uff08Avian-type Receptor\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u8b58\u5225\u4ee5 <strong>$\\alpha$2,3 \u91a3\u82f7\u9375<\/strong>\u9023\u7d50\u7684\u553e\u6db2\u9178\uff08SA$\\alpha$2,3-Gal\uff09\u3002\u9019\u985e\u53d7\u9ad4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5206\u5e03\u65bc\u6c34\u79bd\uff08\u9d28\u3001\u9d5d\uff09\u7684\u8178\u9053\u53ca\u9678\u751f\u5bb6\u79bd\uff08\u96de\u3001\u706b\u96de\uff09\u7684\u547c\u5438\u9053\u8207\u8178\u9053 \u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4eba\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u53d7\u9ad4\uff08Human-type Receptor\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u8b58\u5225\u4ee5 <strong>$\\alpha$2,6 \u91a3\u82f7\u9375<\/strong>\u9023\u7d50\u7684\u553e\u6db2\u9178\uff08SA$\\alpha$2,6-Gal\uff09\u3002\u9019\u985e\u53d7\u9ad4\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u5e03\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u4e0a\u547c\u5438\u9053 \u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9d3f\u5b50\u7684\u53d7\u9ad4\u5206\u5e03\u7279\u5fb5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u5229\u7528\u51dd\u96c6\u7d20\u7d44\u7e54\u5316\u5b78\u67d3\u8272\u6cd5\uff08Lectin Histochemistry\uff09\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u9d3f\u5b50\u7684\u547c\u5438\u9053\u4e0a\u76ae\u7d30\u80de\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u7368\u7279\u7684\u53d7\u9ad4\u5206\u5e03\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4e3b\u5c0e\u8868\u73fe SA$\\alpha$2,6-Gal<\/strong>\uff1a\u9d3f\u5b50\u7684\u547c\u5438\u9053\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73fe\u985e\u4f3c\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u7684 SA$\\alpha$2,6 \u53d7\u9ad4 \u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7f3a\u4e4f SA$\\alpha$2,3-Gal<\/strong>\uff1a\u9d3f\u5b50\u547c\u5438\u9053\u4e2d SA$\\alpha$2,3 \u53d7\u9ad4\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u91cf\u6975\u4f4e\u6216\u5b8c\u5168\u7f3a\u4e4f \u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6a5f\u5236\u89e3\u91cb<\/strong>\uff1a\u7531\u65bc H5N1\u3001H7N9 \u7b49\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684 HA \u86cb\u767d\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d SA$\\alpha$2,3 \u53d7\u9ad4\u6f14\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u9032\u5165\u9d3f\u5b50\u547c\u5438\u9053\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u62ff\u8457\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u9470\u5319\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u9396\u5b54\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u9644\u8457\u4e26\u4fb5\u5165\u7d30\u80de\u3002\u9019\u662f\u9650\u5236\u75c5\u6bd2\u5728\u9d3f\u5b50\u9ad4\u5167\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u9996\u8981\u5c4f\u969c [4, 9]\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u70ba\u4f55\u9d3f\u5b50\u5c0d H5N1 \u7684\u6613\u611f\u6027\u9060\u4f4e\u65bc\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u9069\u61c9\u4e86 SA$\\alpha$2,6 \u53d7\u9ad4\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u682a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2 \u7d30\u80de\u5167\u7684\u514d\u75ab\u9632\u7dda\uff1aRIG-I \u901a\u8def<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5373\u4fbf\u75c5\u6bd2\u50e5\u5016\u7a81\u7834\u53d7\u9ad4\u5c4f\u969c\u9032\u5165\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u9d3f\u5b50\u9084\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u9053\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u9632\u7dda\u2014\u2014RIG-I \u4f9d\u8cf4\u6027\u5e72\u64fe\u7d20\u53cd\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>RIG-I \u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\uff1aRIG-I\uff08Retinoic acid-inducible gene I\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u5167\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u8b58\u5225\u53d7\u9ad4\uff08Pattern Recognition Receptor, PRR\uff09\uff0c\u5c08\u9580\u8ca0\u8cac\u5075\u6e2c\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684 RNA\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5177\u6709 5&#8242;-\u4e09\u78f7\u9178\u7d50\u69cb\u7684 RNA\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u5075\u6e2c\u5230\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0cRIG-I \u6703\u900f\u904e\u7dda\u7c92\u9ad4\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u4fe1\u865f\u86cb\u767d\uff08MAVS\uff09\u555f\u52d5\u4e0b\u6e38\u8a0a\u865f\uff0c\u8a98\u5c0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u578b\u5e72\u64fe\u7d20\uff08Type I Interferon, IFN-$\\alpha$\/$\\beta$\uff09\u7684\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u555f\u52d5\u6578\u767e\u7a2e\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8868\u9054\uff0c\u6291\u5236\u75c5\u6bd2\u8907\u88fd \u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6f14\u5316\u4e0a\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u5dee\u7570<\/strong>\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u9d3f\u5b50\u8207\u9d28\uff08Anseriformes &amp; Columbiformes\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u64c1\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 RIG-I \u57fa\u56e0\u3002\u7576\u611f\u67d3\u767c\u751f\u6642\uff0c\u80fd\u8fc5\u901f\u555f\u52d5\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u514d\u75ab\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u5c07\u75c5\u6bd2\u6e05\u9664\u6216\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73 \u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u96de\u8207\u706b\u96de\uff08Galliformes\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u57fa\u56e0\u7d44\u5206\u6790\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u96de\u5728\u6f14\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d<strong>\u4e1f\u5931\u4e86 RIG-I \u57fa\u56e0<\/strong> \u3002\u9019\u4f7f\u5f97\u96de\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u9ad8\u75c5\u539f\u6027\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u6642\uff0c\u5148\u5929\u514d\u75ab\u53cd\u61c9\u555f\u52d5\u9072\u7de9\u6216\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u75c5\u6bd2\u7121\u9650\u5236\u8907\u88fd\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u5f15\u767c\u6bc0\u6ec5\u6027\u7684\u300c\u7d30\u80de\u6fc0\u7d20\u98a8\u66b4\uff08Cytokine Storm\uff09\u300d\u53ca\u5168\u8eab\u6027\u591a\u91cd\u5668\u5b98\u8870\u7aed \u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5be6\u9a57\u8b49\u64da<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c07\u9d3f\u5b50\u4f86\u6e90\u7684 RIG-I \u57fa\u56e0\u8f49\u67d3\u5230\u96de\u7684\u7d30\u80de\uff08DF-1\u7d30\u80de\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u80fd\u986f\u8457\u6062\u5fa9\u8a72\u7d30\u80de\u5c0d\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u6297\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u76f4\u63a5\u8b49\u660e\u4e86 RIG-I \u5728\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7269\u7a2e\u6613\u611f\u6027\u4e0a\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u89d2\u8272 \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u50b3\u64ad\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\uff1a\u751f\u7269\u6027\u5e36\u539f\u8207\u6a5f\u68b0\u6027\u50b3\u64ad<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u78ba\u8a8d\u4e86\u9d3f\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u6613\u88ab\u611f\u67d3\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u8a0e\u5176\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u75c5\u6bd2\u8f09\u9ad4\u300d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u9019\u5305\u62ec\u75c5\u6bd2\u5728\u9ad4\u5167\u8907\u88fd\u5f8c\u6392\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u751f\u7269\u6027\u50b3\u64ad\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u75c5\u6bd2\u9644\u8457\u5728\u9ad4\u8868\u7684\u300c\u6a5f\u68b0\u6027\u50b3\u64ad\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1 \u751f\u7269\u6027\u50b3\u64ad\uff08Biological Transmission\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u751f\u7269\u6027\u50b3\u64ad\u662f\u6307\u5bbf\u4e3b\u611f\u67d3\u5f8c\uff0c\u75c5\u6bd2\u5728\u9ad4\u5167\u589e\u6b96\u4e26\u900f\u904e\u5206\u6ccc\u7269\u6392\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6392\u6bd2\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u53d7\u611f\u67d3\u9d3f\u5b50\u7684\u6392\u6bd2\u91cf\u6975\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e14\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u53e3\u54bd\u90e8 \u3002\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u9d3f\u5b50\u5fc5\u9808\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u9ce5\u985e\u6709\u6975\u5ea6\u89aa\u5bc6\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\uff08\u5982\u5599\u5c0d\u5599\u9935\u98df\uff09\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u50b3\u64ad\u75c5\u6bd2\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7121\u6cd5\u7dad\u6301\u50b3\u64ad\u93c8<\/strong>\uff1a\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\u50b3\u64ad\u8a66\u9a57\uff08Contact Transmission Studies\uff09\u5747\u4ee5\u5931\u6557\u544a\u7d42\u2014\u2014\u53d7\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u9d3f\u5b50\u7121\u6cd5\u5c07 H5N1 \u6216 H7N9 \u50b3\u67d3\u7d66\u540c\u7c60\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u9d3f\u5b50\u6216\u96de <sup>1<\/sup>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9d3f\u5b50\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u7684<strong>\u6b7b\u80e1\u540c\u5bbf\u4e3b\uff08Dead-end Host\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u5728\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5faa\u74b0\u4e2d\u7121\u6cd5\u626e\u6f14\u7dad\u6301\u6216\u653e\u5927\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2 \u6a5f\u68b0\u6027\u50b3\u64ad\uff08Mechanical Transmission\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9019\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u9632\u75ab\u5c08\u5bb6\u8f03\u70ba\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u3002\u6a5f\u68b0\u6027\u50b3\u64ad\u662f\u6307\u9d3f\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u8eab\u9ad4\u90e8\u4f4d\uff08\u7fbd\u6bdb\u3001\u8173\u722a\u3001\u5599\uff09\u6cbe\u67d3\u4e86\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u5e36\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u5730\u9ede\u3002\u9019\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u978b\u5e95\u6cbe\u67d3\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2.1 \u75c5\u6bd2\u5728\u9ad4\u8868\u7684\u5b58\u6d3b\u80fd\u529b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u5728\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u53d7\u6eab\u5ea6\u3001\u6fd5\u5ea6\u53ca\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u986f\u8457\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7fbd\u6bdb<\/strong>\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff0cH5N1 \u75c5\u6bd2\u5728\u9d28\u7fbd\u6bdb\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u5b58\u6d3b\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728 $4^\\circ C$ \u7684\u4f4e\u6eab\u4e0b\uff0c\u75c5\u6bd2\u611f\u67d3\u529b\u53ef\u7dad\u6301\u9577\u9054 <strong>160 \u5929<\/strong>\uff1b\u5373\u4fbf\u5728 $20^\\circ C$ \u7684\u5e38\u6eab\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5b58\u6d3b\u7d04 <strong>15 \u5929<\/strong> <sup>26<\/sup>\u3002\u7fbd\u6bdb\u5bcc\u542b\u6cb9\u8102\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u70ba\u75c5\u6bd2\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4fdd\u8b77\u5c64\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8173\u722a\u8207\u7cde\u4fbf<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u9d3f\u5b50\u505c\u7559\u5728\u53d7\u6c59\u67d3\u7684\u6c34\u79bd\u68f2\u606f\u5730\u6216\u990a\u96de\u5834\uff0c\u5176\u8173\u722a\u6975\u6613\u6cbe\u67d3\u542b\u6709\u9ad8\u6fc3\u5ea6\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u7cde\u4fbf\u3002\u75c5\u6bd2\u5728\u6fd5\u6f64\u7cde\u4fbf\u4e2d\u65bc $4^\\circ C$ \u53ef\u5b58\u6d3b\u8d85\u904e <strong>60 \u5929<\/strong>\uff0c\u5728 $20^\\circ C$ \u4e0b\u7d04 <strong>7 \u5929<\/strong> <sup>27<\/sup>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6c34\u9ad4<\/strong>\uff1a\u6c34\u662f\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u50b3\u64ad\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4ecb\u8cea\uff0c\u75c5\u6bd2\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u53ef\u5b58\u6d3b\u8d85\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u3002\u9d3f\u5b50\u98f2\u7528\u53d7\u6c59\u67d3\u7684\u6c34\u6e90\u6642\uff0c\u5599\u90e8\u53ca\u7fbd\u6bdb\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u6c59\u67d3 \u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2.2 \u8cfd\u9d3f\u8207\u91ce\u9d3f\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u5dee\u7570<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u91ce\u9d3f<\/strong>\uff1a\u6d3b\u52d5\u7bc4\u570d\u76f8\u5c0d\u56fa\u5b9a\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u5e7e\u516c\u91cc\u5167\uff09\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u8207\u90ca\u5340\u990a\u79bd\u5834\u9593\u79fb\u52d5\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4f5c\u70ba\u9577\u8ddd\u96e2\u50b3\u64ad\u8005\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u8f03\u4f4e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u82e5\u91ce\u9d3f\u9032\u5165\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u990a\u96de\u5834\u8993\u98df\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u6a5f\u68b0\u6027\u651c\u5e36\u5f15\u5165\u75c5\u6bd2\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8cfd\u9d3f<\/strong>\uff1a\u8cfd\u9d3f\u6d89\u53ca\u8de8\u7e23\u5e02\u751a\u81f3\u8de8\u570b\u7684\u9577\u8ddd\u96e2\u98db\u884c\u53ca\u904b\u8f38\u3002\u5728\u904b\u8f38\u7c60\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u9d3f\u820d\u7684\u9d3f\u5b50\u5bc6\u96c6\u63a5\u89f8\uff1b\u5728\u6bd4\u8cfd\u6b78\u8fd4\u9014\u4e2d\uff0c\u9d3f\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u91ce\u5916\u98f2\u6c34\u6216\u4f11\u606f\u3002\u82e5\u9014\u4e2d\u63a5\u89f8\u4e86\u6c59\u67d3\u6e90\uff08\u5982\u5019\u9ce5\u68f2\u606f\u7684\u6fd5\u5730\uff09\uff0c\u8cfd\u9d3f\u53ef\u80fd\u5c07\u75c5\u6bd2\u8fc5\u901f\u5e36\u56de\u6578\u767e\u516c\u91cc\u5916\u7684\u9d3f\u820d\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u4f55\u5404\u570b\u9632\u75ab\u55ae\u4f4d\u5c0d\u8cfd\u9d3f\u6d3b\u52d5\u8a2d\u6709\u56b4\u683c\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u539f\u56e0 \u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8868 2\uff1a\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u74b0\u5883\u4ecb\u8cea\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u6d3b\u6642\u9593\u6982\u89bd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8a3b\uff1a\u6578\u64da\u57fa\u65bc H5N1 \u53ca\u76f8\u95dc\u4e9e\u578b\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>\u4ecb\u8cea\u985e\u578b<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u6eab\u5ea6\u689d\u4ef6<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u5177\u611f\u67d3\u529b\u5b58\u6d3b\u6642\u9593 (\u7d04\u7565\u503c)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u98a8\u96aa\u8a55\u4f30<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u7fbd\u6bdb (Feathers)<\/strong><\/td><td>$4^\\circ C$<\/td><td><strong>160 \u5929<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u6975\u9ad8<\/strong>\uff1a\u812b\u843d\u7fbd\u6bdb\u96a8\u98a8\u98c4\u6563\u6216\u96a8\u9ce5\u79fb\u52d5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>$20^\\circ C$<\/td><td><strong>15 \u5929<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u9ad8<\/strong>\uff1a\u8db3\u4ee5\u6db5\u84cb\u8cfd\u9d3f\u904b\u8f38\u8207\u6bd4\u8cfd\u9031\u671f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u7cde\u4fbf (Feces)<\/strong><\/td><td>$4^\\circ C$<\/td><td><strong>&gt; 60 \u5929<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u9ad8<\/strong>\uff1a\u51ac\u5b63\u74b0\u5883\u6c59\u67d3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f86\u6e90<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>$20^\\circ C$<\/td><td><strong>7 \u5929<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u4e2d<\/strong>\uff1a\u5e38\u6eab\u4e0b\u4ecd\u5177\u5a01\u8105<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td>$37^\\circ C$<\/td><td>&lt; 1 \u5929<\/td><td><strong>\u4f4e<\/strong>\uff1a\u9ad8\u6eab\u5806\u80a5\u53ef\u6bba\u6ec5\u75c5\u6bd2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u6c34\u9ad4 (Water)<\/strong><\/td><td>$4^\\circ C$<\/td><td>&gt; 30 \u5929<\/td><td><strong>\u9ad8<\/strong>\uff1a\u91ce\u9ce5\u5171\u7528\u6c60\u5858\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u611f\u67d3\u9ede<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u4eba\u985e\u611f\u67d3\u98a8\u96aa\u8a55\u4f30\uff1a\u5f9e\u9d3f\u5b50\u5230\u4eba\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u91dd\u5c0d\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6700\u64d4\u5fc3\u7684\u300c\u662f\u5426\u6703\u50b3\u67d3\u7d66\u4eba\u300d\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u7d50\u5408\u75c5\u6bd2\u5b78\u6578\u64da\u8207\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b78\u5be6\u8b49\u9032\u884c\u8a55\u4f30\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1 \u50b3\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u63a8\u8ad6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\uff0c\u8981\u767c\u751f\u300c\u9d3f\u5b50 $\\rightarrow$ \u4eba\u300d\u7684\u50b3\u64ad\uff0c\u9700\u6eff\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u689d\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9d3f\u5b50\u9ad4\u5167\u75c5\u6bd2\u8907\u88fd\u91cf\u5927\uff0c\u6392\u51fa\u9ad8\u6fc3\u5ea6\u75c5\u6bd2\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u75c5\u6bd2\u5177\u5099\u7d50\u5408\u4eba\u985e\u53d7\u9ad4\uff08SA$\\alpha$2,6\uff09\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4eba\u985e\u8207\u9d3f\u5b50\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u63a5\u89f8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u73fe\u72c0\u5206\u6790<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u689d\u4ef6 1 \u4e0d\u6210\u7acb<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u9d3f\u5b50\u6392\u6bd2\u91cf\u6975\u4f4e\uff0c\u9060\u4f4e\u65bc\u901a\u5e38\u5c0e\u81f4\u4eba\u985e\u611f\u67d3\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5291\u91cf \u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u689d\u4ef6 2 \u90e8\u5206\u6210\u7acb\u4f46\u53d7\u9650<\/strong>\uff1a\u96d6\u7136\u9d3f\u5b50\u64c1\u6709\u985e\u4eba\u53d7\u9ad4\uff0c\u9019\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u7be9\u9078\u51fa\u9069\u61c9\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u682a\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u75c5\u6bd2\u5728\u9d3f\u9ad4\u5167\u8907\u88fd\u6548\u7387\u5dee\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6f14\u5316\u7be9\u9078\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u4e26\u4e0d\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7d50\u8ad6<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f9e\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u9d3f\u5b50\u4f5c\u70ba\u50b3\u67d3\u6e90\u7684\u6548\u529b\u6975\u5f31\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2 \u5168\u7403\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b78\u8b49\u64da<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7f3a\u4e4f\u78ba\u8a3a\u6848\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u622a\u81f3 2025 \u5e74\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u5df2\u7d2f\u7a4d\u6578\u5343\u4f8b\u4eba\u985e\u611f\u67d3 H5N1\u3001H7N9 \u6216 H5N6 \u7684\u5831\u544a\u3002\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b78\u8abf\u67e5\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u60a3\u8005\u66fe\u63a5\u89f8<strong>\u6d3b\u79bd\uff08\u96de\u3001\u9d28\uff09\u6216\u6d3b\u79bd\u5e02\u5834\u74b0\u5883<\/strong>\u3002\u76ee\u524d<strong>\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4f8b<\/strong>\u4eba\u985e\u611f\u67d3\u88ab\u78ba\u5207\u8b49\u5be6\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u6e90\u65bc\u63a5\u89f8\u9d3f\u5b50 \u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u500b\u6848\u5206\u6790<\/strong>\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7f8e\u570b H5N5 \u6848\u4f8b (2025)<\/strong>\uff1a\u60a3\u8005\u6709\u5f8c\u9662\u5bb6\u79bd\u63a5\u89f8\u53f2\uff0c\u8abf\u67e5\u4e26\u672a\u6307\u5411\u91ce\u9ce5\u6216\u9d3f\u5b50\u4f5c\u70ba\u76f4\u63a5\u4f86\u6e90 \u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4e2d\u570b H7N9 \u75ab\u60c5<\/strong>\uff1a\u96d6\u7136\u66fe\u5728\u9d3f\u5b50\u9ad4\u5167\u5206\u96e2\u51fa H7N9\uff0c\u4f46\u91dd\u5c0d\u6d3b\u79bd\u5e02\u5834\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u8ffd\u8e64\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u611f\u67d3\u98a8\u96aa\u4e3b\u8981\u8207\u96de\u96bb\u66b4\u9732\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u9d3f\u5b50 \u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5b98\u65b9\u98a8\u96aa\u8a55\u4f30<\/strong>\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u53f0\u7063\u75be\u7ba1\u7f72 (CDC)<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c07 H5N1 \u5c0d\u4e00\u822c\u516c\u773e\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u8a55\u4f30\u70ba\u300c\u4f4e\u300d\u3002\u76e3\u6e2c\u91cd\u9ede\u5728\u65bc\u5019\u9ce5\u8207\u5bb6\u79bd\u5f9e\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u672a\u7279\u5225\u91dd\u5c0d\u990a\u9d3f\u6236\u767c\u51fa\u9ad8\u98a8\u96aa\u8b66\u544a \u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7f8e\u570b\u75be\u7ba1\u4e2d\u5fc3 (US CDC)<\/strong>\uff1a\u6307\u51fa\u76ee\u524d H5N1 \u5c0d\u5927\u773e\u98a8\u96aa\u4f4e\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u611f\u67d3\u591a\u70ba\u8077\u696d\u66b4\u9732\uff08\u4e73\u725b\u5834\u3001\u5bb6\u79bd\u5834\u5de5\u4eba\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.3 \u6f5b\u5728\u98a8\u96aa\uff1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u6389\u4ee5\u8f15\u5fc3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5118\u7ba1\u76f4\u63a5\u611f\u67d3\u98a8\u96aa\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u8996\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9593\u63a5\u98a8\u96aa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u74b0\u5883\u6c59\u67d3<\/strong>\uff1a\u9d3f\u5b50\u82e5\u6a5f\u68b0\u6027\u651c\u5e36\u75c5\u6bd2\u9032\u5165\u4eba\u985e\u5c45\u4f4f\u74b0\u5883\uff08\u5982\u967d\u53f0\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u7fbd\u6bdb\u6216\u8173\u722a\u4e0a\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u53ef\u80fd\u6c59\u67d3\u74b0\u5883\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u5c0e\u81f4\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u6975\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u514d\u75ab\u529b\u4f4e\u4e0b\u8005\u4ecd\u9700\u8b39\u614e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u65b0\u578b\u8b8a\u7570\u682a<\/strong>\uff1a\u75c5\u6bd2\u6f14\u5316\u4e0d\u53ef\u9810\u6e2c\u3002\u82e5\u672a\u4f86\u51fa\u73fe\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5728\u9d3f\u5b50\u9ad4\u5167\u8907\u88fd\u4e14\u7dad\u6301\u5c0d\u4eba\u9ad8\u81f4\u75c5\u6027\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u682a\uff0c\u98a8\u96aa\u8a55\u4f30\u5c07\u9700\u91cd\u65b0\u8abf\u6574\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \u5168\u7403\u8207\u5340\u57df\u76e3\u6e2c\u6578\u64da\u8207\u6cd5\u898f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u76e3\u6e2c\u6578\u64da\u662f\u9a57\u8b49\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1 \u91ce\u5916\u76e3\u6e2c\u7d50\u679c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5404\u570b\u91dd\u5c0d\u91ce\u9ce5\u7684\u9577\u671f\u76e3\u6e2c\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u300c\u9d3f\u5b50\u611f\u67d3\u7387\u4f4e\u300d\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4f4e\u6297\u9ad4\u967d\u6027\u7387<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e00\u9805\u6db5\u84cb 2046 \u96bb\u9d3f\u5b50\u7684\u8840\u6e05\u5b78\u8abf\u67e5\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u50c5 0.37% \u7684\u9d3f\u5b50\u5177\u6709 H5 \u7279\u7570\u6027\u6297\u9ad4 \u3002\u9019\u8868\u793a\u9d3f\u5b50\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u6975\u5c11\u7d93\u6b77 H5 \u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u611f\u67d3\u8207\u514d\u75ab\u53cd\u61c9\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4f4e\u75c5\u6bd2\u5206\u96e2\u7387<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u6771\u90e8\u7684\u9577\u671f\u76e3\u6e2c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f9e\u6578\u842c\u4efd\u91ce\u9ce5\u6a23\u672c\u4e2d\u5206\u96e2\u5230\u7684\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u9d3f\u5b50\u4f54\u6bd4\u6975\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e14\u591a\u70ba\u4f4e\u75c5\u539f\u6027\uff08\u5982 H11N9\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u9ad8\u81f4\u6b7b\u6027\u7684 H5N1 \u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u53f0\u7063\u76e3\u6e2c<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fb2\u696d\u90e8\u9632\u6aa2\u7f72\u7684\u76e3\u6e2c\u5831\u544a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6aa2\u51fa H5N1 \u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u9ed1\u9762\u7435\u9dfa\u3001\u96c1\u9d28\u79d1\u5019\u9ce5\u53ca\u5bb6\u79bd\uff08\u96de\u3001\u9d28\u3001\u9d5d\u3001\u9d6a\u9d89\uff09\u3002\u9d3f\u5b50\u4e26\u975e\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u6aa2\u51fa\u5bbf\u4e3b \u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.2 \u53f0\u7063\u7684\u6cd5\u898f\u8207\u751f\u7269\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u96d6\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a\u9d3f\u5b50\u98a8\u96aa\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u57fa\u65bc\u300c\u6599\u6575\u5f9e\u5bec\u300d\u7684\u9632\u75ab\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u5c0d\u8cfd\u9d3f\u6d3b\u52d5\u4ecd\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u898f\u7bc4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u9032\u53e3\u6aa2\u75ab<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f9d\u64da\u300c\u81ea\u7f8e\u570b\u8f38\u5165\u96db\u79bd\u9ce5\u53ca\u7a2e\u86cb\u4e4b\u6aa2\u75ab\u689d\u4ef6\u300d\u7b49\u6cd5\u898f\uff0c\u9032\u53e3\u9d3f\u5b50\u5fc5\u9808\u4f86\u81ea\u975e\u75ab\u5340\uff0c\u4e14\u9700\u5728\u9694\u96e2\u6aa2\u75ab\u671f\u9593\u9032\u884c H5 \u53ca H7 \u6297\u9ad4\u8207\u75c5\u6bd2\u6aa2\u6e2c\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u9670\u6027\u624d\u53ef\u653e\u884c \u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u9593\u7ba1\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u7576\u570b\u5167\u7206\u767c\u9ad8\u75c5\u539f\u6027\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u75ab\u60c5\u6642\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u9632\u75ab\u6a5f\u95dc\u6709\u6b0a\u4f9d\u64da\u300a\u52d5\u7269\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u9632\u6cbb\u689d\u4f8b\u300b\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u7279\u5b9a\u5340\u57df\u5167\u7684\u8cfd\u9d3f\u653e\u98db\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u4ee5\u963b\u65b7\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6a5f\u68b0\u6027\u50b3\u64ad \u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u98fc\u990a\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u653f\u5e9c\u5efa\u8b70\u9d3f\u53cb\u843d\u5be6\u300c\u9632\u9ce5\u8a2d\u65bd\u300d\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u9d3f\u820d\u8207\u91ce\u751f\u5019\u9ce5\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u4e26\u5b9a\u671f\u6d88\u6bd2 \u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. \u7d50\u8ad6\u8207\u7d9c\u5408\u5efa\u8b70<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.1 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class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u751f\u7269\u6027\u5e36\u539f<\/strong>\uff1a<strong>\u6a5f\u7387\u6975\u4f4e<\/strong>\u3002\u53d7\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u9d3f\u5b50\u6392\u6bd2\u91cf\u5c11\u4e14\u6642\u9593\u77ed\uff0c\u4e0d\u6613\u6210\u70ba\u9577\u671f\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5e36\u539f\u8005\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6a5f\u68b0\u6027\u5e36\u539f<\/strong>\uff1a<strong>\u6709\u53ef\u80fd<\/strong>\u3002\u9d3f\u5b50\u7684\u7fbd\u6bdb\u3001\u8173\u722a\u53ef\u6cbe\u67d3\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\uff08\u5982\u53d7\u6c59\u67d3\u7684\u7cde\u4fbf\u6216\u6c34\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u7269\u7406\u6027\u7684\u50b3\u64ad\u5a92\u4ecb\uff08Flying Fomite\uff09\u3002\u9019\u662f\u9632\u75ab\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u95dc\u6ce8\u9ede\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6703\u50b3\u67d3\u7d66\u4eba\u55ce\uff1f<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u98a8\u96aa\u8a55\u4f30<\/strong>\uff1a<strong>\u6975\u4f4e<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8b49\u64da<\/strong>\uff1a\u76ee\u524d\u5168\u7403\u7121\u78ba\u5207\u7684\u300c\u9d3f\u5b50\u50b3\u4eba\u300d\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f86\u6e90\u4ecd\u662f\u5bb6\u79bd\u8207\u53d7\u6c59\u67d3\u74b0\u5883\u3002\u9d3f\u5b50\u6392\u51fa\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u69cb\u6210\u986f\u8457\u5a01\u8105\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.2 \u7d66\u5927\u773e\u8207\u98fc\u990a\u8005\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u5efa\u8b70<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u91dd\u5c0d\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u773e<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7121\u9700\u6050\u614c<\/strong>\uff1a\u770b\u5230\u91ce\u9d3f\u7121\u9700\u904e\u5ea6\u9a5a\u614c\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u4e0d\u662f\u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6563\u64ad\u8005\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4fdd\u6301\u8ddd\u96e2<\/strong>\uff1a\u9075\u5faa\u300c\u4e0d\u63a5\u89f8\u3001\u4e0d\u9935\u98df\u3001\u4e0d\u5e72\u64fe\u300d\u539f\u5247\u3002\u907f\u514d\u63a5\u89f8\u9d3f\u5b50\u7cde\u4fbf\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u614e\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u4ee5\u80a5\u7682\u5fb9\u5e95\u6d17\u624b\u5373\u53ef\u6ec5\u6d3b\u75c5\u6bd2\uff08\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u6709\u5916\u5957\u819c\uff0c\u5c0d\u80a5\u7682\u654f\u611f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u74b0\u5883\u885b\u751f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u671f\u6e05\u7406\u967d\u53f0\u9d3f\u7cde\uff0c\u6e05\u7406\u6642\u4f69\u6234\u53e3\u7f69\u4ee5\u9632\u5438\u5165\u4e7e\u71e5\u7c89\u5875\uff08\u9810\u9632\u96b1\u7403\u83cc\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u9632\u7bc4\u6975\u4f4e\u6a5f\u7387\u7684\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u91dd\u5c0d\u8cfd\u9d3f\u98fc\u990a\u8005\uff08\u9d3f\u53cb\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u843d\u5be6\u751f\u7269\u5b89\u5168<\/strong>\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u67b6\u8a2d\u9632\u9ce5\u7db2\uff0c\u675c\u7d55\u9ebb\u96c0\u3001\u6591\u9ce9\u7b49\u91ce\u9ce5\u9032\u5165\u9d3f\u820d\u6436\u98df\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u7570\u7a2e\u50b3\u64ad\u98a8\u96aa\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u98fc\u6599\u8207\u98f2\u6c34\u61c9\u7f6e\u65bc\u5ba4\u5167\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u91ce\u9ce5\u7cde\u4fbf\u6c59\u67d3\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u885b\u751f\u6d88\u6bd2<\/strong>\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5b9a\u671f\u4f7f\u7528\u885b\u798f\u90e8\u6838\u53ef\u7684\u6d88\u6bd2\u5291\u6e05\u6d17\u9d3f\u820d\u53ca\u904b\u9d3f\u8eca\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6bd4\u8cfd\u6b78\u8fd4\u7684\u9d3f\u5b50\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u9032\u884c\u9694\u96e2\u89c0\u5bdf 14 \u5929\uff0c\u78ba\u8a8d\u5065\u5eb7\u7121\u865e\u518d\u6df7\u7fa4 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